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Carotenoids are a group of fat-soluble pigments found in plants.
All organisms that use the sun to produce energy (plants, bacteria,
etc.) rely on carotenoids. The antioxidant effects of carotenoids
help protect these organisms while converting the sun's rays into
energy through photosynthesis.
In our bodies, carotenoids
serve two purposes. First, as with plants, carotenoids exert
antioxidant activity in the human body. Second, some carotenoids are
are converted into helpful vitamin A. Of the hundreds of carotenoid
varieties that exist it is believed that 30 to 50 play a role in
vitamin A activity at some level. Carotenoids with that influence
vitamin A activity are known as "provitamin A" carotenoids of which
the most common are beta-carotene and alpha-carotene. Common
carotenoids that do not influence vitamin A activity include lutein,
lycopene and zeaxanthin.
Suggested Carotenoid
Benefits
- Higher dietary consumption of carotenoids may help to protect
against certain cancer associated with the lungs, skin, uterine,
cervix and gastrointestinal tract. However, finding to support
these benefits are not substantiated and that synthetic
carotenoids may have totally different effect than those found
naturally in carotenoid rich foods.
- Higher dietary consumption of carotenoids may help to protect
against macular degeneration, cataracts and other health
conditions that are linked to the oxidative effects of free
radicals.
- A high intake of carotenoids from dietary sources may protect
against heart disease. However, it may also be that diets high in
carotenoids tend to be lower in fat and cholesteroal and high in
fiber, which may also protect against heart disease.
- Due to their antioxidant effects, it has been suggested by
professionals in the health arena that certain carotenoids might
protect against atherosclerosis by preventing oxidative damage to
serum cholesterol. However, research has not substantiated this
claim. But we do know that carotenoids are much less effective in
protecting against damage to serum cholesterol than is vitamin E.
Supplementation
Whether people who
already consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables (a natural
source of carotenoids) would benefit further from supplementation
with a mixture of carotenoids remains uncertain. However, studies
indicate that smokers should not supplement with isolated synthetic
beta-carotene.
For those who used carotenoid supplements some
professionals recommend up to 25,000 IU (15 mg) per day of natural
beta-carotene and approximately 6 mg each of alpha-carotene, lutein,
and lycopene.
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